Abstrak
Zakat is a fundamental instrument in Islamic economics that functions not merely as a mechanism of wealth redistribution, but also as a means of moral-based social transformation. However, contemporary zakat practices in Indonesia reveal a paradox between the normative objective of empowerment and the dominance of consumptive and technocratic distribution models. This article aims to critically examine productive zakat from the perspective of Islamic economic philosophy by addressing the tension between its normative ideals and practical implementation. This study employs a critical literature review method using a normative-philosophical approach combined with empirical analysis of zakat practices in Indonesia, drawing on classical, contemporary, and recent scholarly works. The findings indicate that productive zakat possesses strong normative legitimacy and significant empowerment potential, yet its effectiveness is conditional and highly dependent on institutional design, sustained assistance, and the socio-economic context of beneficiaries. The study also identifies the risk of reducing productive zakat to capitalist rationality, which may undermine its moral objectives. Accordingly, this article proposes a conceptual reconstruction of productive zakat based on Islamic moral economy, positioning productivity as a means, independence as a gradual process, and institutional assistance as an ethical obligation.
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