Permatasari, D., I. Wisandani, L. Andani, and F. Mustika Sari. “Determinants of Profitability in BCA Syariah: The Role of NPF, FDR, and DER from 2015-2023”. El-Kahfi | Journal of Islamic Economics, Vol. 6, no. 02, Sept. 2025, pp. 321 -36, doi:10.58958/elkahfi.v6i02.563.