Permatasari, Diah, Iwan Wisandani, Listia Andani, and Feni Mustika Sari. 2025. “Determinants of Profitability in BCA Syariah: The Role of NPF, FDR, and DER from 2015-2023”. El-Kahfi | Journal of Islamic Economics 6 (02), 321 -36. https://doi.org/10.58958/elkahfi.v6i02.563.